Hence the discourse on federalism is not new when located within the context of the decentralization continuum. Decentralization can be placed in a continuum with deconcentration (administrative decentralization) in one end where minimal powers are transferred to lower levels, and independence and separatism at the other extreme. “As I said earlier, the first resolution that I filed in the 1986 Constitutional Commission urged the commission to first decide on the issue of system, type and form of government,” Davide explained. The Present Situation • Congress gearing up for shift to federalism. T1 - The Federalism Debate. Federalism—the devolution of responsibilities and powers of the national government of the dictatorial presidential system : a strong president vested with enormous powers short of a dictator king. Within three years, Transition Commission will try to establish one by one the mechanisms for the federal system which, according to the initial timeline, is going to happen in 2022. Its coming, I respectfully submit, is not a fortuitous event nor a stroke of fortune but is part of the perfect plan of the Divine for our country.”. “But we already had a meeting and exchanged position papers and I hope that these issues will be settled.”, 4 Supreme Courts “Our consultative journey has spanned centuries of time—from the colonization of Spain, the United States, and the Japanese,” Puno said. “Under our current system, justices are not specialists; they are generalists.”. “The highly centralized system of government in our country has stunted economic development and heightened tensions among the people in the impoverished areas of the country, particularly in the Moro dominated areas of Mindanao,” Pimentel said in a 2002 speech. Attempts at federalism in PH There was an attempt during the administration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. José Rizal (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), a Filipino nationalist during the Spanish colonial occupation of the Philippines, had called for federalism in one of his writings. Then, as proposed by the consultative commission, representation in the Senate can be redesigned to allocate two senators per region to enable and assure equitable representation of all regions in the senate, something that has been sorely missing the past many decades. DISADVANTAGE OF FEDERALISM. As chairperson of the Department of Political Science at the College of Social Sciences and Philosophy (CSSP) of the University of the Philippines Diliman, Atienza teaches subjects on governance, politics, local government, gender issues, and human security. The federalism proposal seeks to reintegrate all divided provinces, towns, and cities into a regional political unit, so that the national government only has to deal with 18 federated regions. This is not a simple academic theoretical discussion. To reduce the federalism debate into a “are you for or against federalism” reflects a simplistic appreciation of the issue. “As to how fast it will move in Congress, of course, we hope they would be able to devote some time to the discussion of the draft,” he stressed. He said the federal system “is definitely not suited for the country and our people of this generation and even of the succeeding generations.”, He also said the issue of federalism was a major prejudicial issue raised during the 1935 Constitutional Convention, the 1971 Constitutional Convention, and the 1986 Constitutional Commission. It will allow us to rise above our rabid partisanship and instead focus on our collective goal of nation building which is what the debate on federalism should be. “We shifted to a new philosophy in running our judiciary,” he stressed. The Key Arguments for Federalism in the Philippines. To a certain extent, the discourse on federalism has become a political question. PHOTO BY ROGER RAÑADA. The proposals to shift to a federal form of government should be seen as part of a process in nation-building. It is a must for is to check it out first before actually getting it in to the public. FEDERALISM AS POLITICAL REFORM Federalism is part of nation-building. Public sector reforms – which are among the imperatives in nation building – may address specific concerns confronted by a nation during a particular historical moment, or a particular historical period. This way, the delivery of social services will become more efficient and equitable. Some provinces have “Sur,” “Oriental,” “Occidental,” or “Norte” as a result of subdividing provinces, towns, and cities in the past 50 years. The proposal to adopt a federal form of government for our country has kicked of heated debates from all sides on the merits and demerits of federalism. The ConCom tasked to review the 1987 Constitution is confident that public perception on amending the charter will change once the proposed federal charter is presented to them. On paper, federalism seems well suited for the Philippines. Generoso said ConCom knew from the beginning that its mandate was just up to the crafting of a draft constitution. Responding to the question, social science professors produced the “Debate on Federal Philippines: A Citizen’s Handbook” to identify the issues to consider before committing to a radical change in political structure. It is also claimed that a shift to the system could accelerate the development of impoverished regions in the country and end ethnic conflicts brought about by the Filipinos’ cultural differences. In contrast to unitarianism, federalism is not just a delegation of powers but equitable distribution of the powers of government between the federal government and the governments of the constituent regions. If anything at all, we have learned that the use of the “formula” in allocating the IRA to the LGUs was simplistic: the use of population, land area and equal sharing failed to take into account more important factors such as poverty and performance. Which form of government fits the Philippines best: presidential, parliamentary, or hybrid? “But we know how Congress works. The federalism debate should be placed in its proper perspective. There will be four Supreme Courts, Puno said. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte marked the beginning of his third year in office by signing the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL), an autonomy-devolving Federalism debate heats up in the Philippines - … “In these three great bodies, federalism miserably lost.”, He added, “Federalism cannot fit into our history as a people, our culture, our character, our traditions, our training and experiences in the art of politics and government and even into our idiosyncrasies and peculiarities.”, Stressing the fact that federalism has been untested and untried in the Philippines since the proclamation of independence on June 12, 1898, Davide said, “[F]ederalism would be a foreign invader, a total and complete stranger which cannot be expected to bring to our country and our people gold, frankincense, and myrrh.”. The draft charter contains 22 articles, namely, National Territory (Article 1); Declaration of Principles and State Policies (Article 2); Bill of Rights (Article 3); Citizenship (Article 4); Suffrage and Political Parties (Article 5); People’s Initiative, Plebiscite, and Referendum (Article 6); Legislative Department (Article 7); Executive Department (Article 8); Judicial Department (Article 9); Constitutional Commission (Article 10); Federated Regions, the Bangsamoro, and the Federated Region of the Cordilleras (Article 11); Distribution of Powers of the Government (Article 12), Fiscal Powers and Financial Administration (Article 13); Accountability of Public Officers (Article 14); National Economy and Patrimony (Article 15); Social Justice (Article 16); Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture, and Sports (Article 17); The Family (Article 18); National Security and Public Order (Article 19); General Provisions (Article 20); Amendments or Revision (Article 21); and Transitory Provisions (Article 22). Qomolangma, China has world’s most AI unicorn companies, New high-speed train rolls off production line in Hebei, China, China’s new five-year plan offers opportunities for world: economist, A decade of making lives better,one home at a time. For the sake of those doomsayers to be enlightened, federalism would not dis-integrate the country. Federalism in the Philippines (Affirmative Side for Debate) Essay ...we are gathered under one flag as citizens seeking for truth, transparency and justice in every side of our government. Remember that the current unitary system subordinates local governments under the authority of the national government. You have successfully joined our subscriber list. “I am confident that the Filipino people will stand behind us as we introduce this new fundamental law that will not only strengthen our democratic institutions, but will also create an environment where every Filipino—regardless of social status, religion, or ideology—will have an equal opportunity to grow and create a future that he or she can proudly bequeath to the succeeding generations.”. What is wrong is blatant to our senses. The United States, a highly diverse country of immigrants, has a motto: E Pluribus Unum (out of many – one). “And so, all said and done, our regions need to be given their own exclusive powers, given rationally by the Constitution itself and not given by the national government through laws that it can change capriciously and whimsically. power is divided or shared between the central government and local state governments This is precisely what devolution and local autonomy is all about. AboutCareersPrivacyTermsContact UsAdvertise With Us, Federalism, decentralization and devolution: A continuing debate in the Philippines. UN chief warns `vaccine nationalism’ is moving at full speed, US Covid deaths exceed 3,000 in 24 hours – Johns Hopkins, ADB cuts 2020 PH economic growth forecast, Ginebra wins first Philippine Cup crown in 13 years, China to ensure sustainability of macro policies: Premier Li, 8,848.86 meters — China, Nepal jointly announce new height of Mt. It will provide the Filipinos with needed data on how the Federal System once embedded into our Constitution would benefit our people." Hence the shift will provide the enabling framework for the implementation of reforms in sub-national governance, including imperatives to amalgamate local governments, not only at the barangay level but also at the municipal and provincial levels. Y1 - 2015. Since ConCom has ceased operation from Aug. 18, DILG, or Department of the Interior and Local Government, is now tasked to conduct regional consultations on federalism. For the trial court, three months from submission of the cases.”, Pimentel has said the adoption of federal system of government for the entire republic, whereby the Muslim people will be assured of a Bangsamoro federal state, “may be the only legal and constitutional way to bring a just and lasting peace in central and southern Mindanao.”, “The federalization of the republic will also equalize development opportunities for all the regions of the country,” he said in a 2001 speech. Federalism in PH It is within this context that we have suggested over the years that federalism is the next logical step to devolution and local autonomy. Copyright © The Manila Times – All Rights Reserved. For starters, we should recognize that federalism is NOT NEW. Framework for Debate on Federalism Reaction Paper by Florangel Rosario-Braid, Ph.D. Also in photo is former Senate President Aquilino “Nene” Pimentel Jr. (4th from right). The process of administrative regionalization actually began with the Integrated Reorganization Plan (IRP) that was the first decree signed by Marcos in 1972 upon the proclamation of martial law in 1972! Paano nito matutulungan ang ating bansa? If viewed from a positive point of view, this is a healthy sign for a country that continues to seek appropriate politico-administrative structures and institutions suitable to us at this particular historical moment. These include designing and developing responsive fiscal federalism reforms, including a state-oriented revenue-raising scheme, to a transfer scheme based on performance and needs within the framework of asymmetric federalism. Delegation of power, which is the mantra of the unitary system, is worlds apart from the distribution-of-powers cornerstone of the federal system. Our government is Metro Manila-centric. Nation-building is a continuing process that takes time and is context-specific. The President issued on Dec. 7, 2016 Executive Order 10 creating a Consultative Committee (ConCom) to revise the 1987 Constitution and draft a new Charter to shift to federalism. It will be recalled that in 1991, a Local Government Code principally authored by Senator Nene Pimentel was enacted to transfer functions, powers and authorities to the sub-national local governments in order to enable them to address local needs. Research paper graphic organizer elementary how to write a critical essay on a film in topics the research philippines Federalism paper. Will the Philippines make another attempt at federalism and move away from its unitary presidential government? "This book will surely enrich the public debate on federalism. When advocates and critics debate the pros and cons of federalism in the country, it seems as if it’s a straightforward issue and idea, devoid of nuances. “Let’s see how Congress finally acts on the proposal. PY - 2015. Under the new proposed constitution, the Philippines will be divided into 18 federated regions. In crafting the federal charter, the committee studied the constitutions of the following countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Brazil, California, Canada, Cuba, Ethiopia, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Libya (2011 and 1957), Malaysia, Myanmar, Russia, Thailand, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zimbabwe, and the US, including its states of New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island. One reason why many of good reforms have failed – at the national and local levels – is that they have been politicized and when the next administration takes over, inspite of the merits of reforms that should cross administrations and should be sustained, they are discontinued simply because they were initiated by the previous administration. It is the over-concentration of power in the national government. Davao, for instance, used to be one province during the Commonwealth Era but is now divided into five provinces. More specifically, it should be appreciated within the context of our continuing search for responsive politico-administrative structures and institutions considering the widespread poverty and inequity plaguing our society. Former ConCom spokesman Ding Generoso said the ball is now in Congress’s court. These ranged from the well thought out and serious proposals of the Consultative Committee led by Chief Justice Puno and the venerable Aquilino 'Nene' Pimentel Jr, to the bald partisan proposals emanating from some members of Congress to the vulgar “pepe-dederalismo” messaging. It is within this context that popular public sector reform interventions – including the massive reorganization of government, the decentralization of powers to sub-national governments and the shift to a federal structure of government – may be appreciated and understood. Parenthetically, at the practical level, we can begin by beginning with low-hanging fruit that would lay the groundwork for federalism. “Unless we federalize the republic, Muslim secessionist tendencies will recur as they have been recurring for as long as I can remember. It is important to unpack the debate and begin with what we are familiar with and then proceed with the nuts and bolts of the project. He, added, “The inconvenient question is, what is wrong with our unitary government? AU - Brumby, John. And so, the need is to break the overconcentration of powers in the national government and we can do it only if we shift from unitarianism to federalism. All documents related to the completion of the final draft were sent to the Presidential Management Staff for safekeeping. View Federalism in the Philippines Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. Its ultimate goal is to empower sub-national governments by providing the enabling framework for meaningful decentralization and development. “The area of concern of the economic managers is the fiscal provision,” Puno said in a September 7 television interview. In the Philippines, the main argument of federalists is that the system allows diversity and division while promoting national interest at the same time. REINTEGRATION and empowerment of local government units are the “buzzwords” of the proponents of federalism in convincing Congress to pass a measure amending the 1987 Constitution to shift to a federal system of government. Is federalism in the Philippines a “new” idea? These discontinuities in implementation of reforms simply reflect our political immaturity that unfortunately continues to characterize Philippine politics today. Laging mainit na usapin ang pagpapalit ng Philippine system of government into federalism. And at University of the Philippines National College of Public Administration and Governance, we have been debating the merits of federalism in late seventies with Gabriel Iglesias, former Dean of the College, leading the discussions. Due to the fact that it still is a wonder for is Filipinos, We must be state of its condequenced and possible effects to the society. For instance, we can set up the state governments – an imperative for federalism – by building upon our experience with the regional development councils that have been operating since the 70s. Federalism should not be seen as a Duterte agenda. Alex Brillantes Jr. (PhD University of Hawaii) is Professor at the University of the Philippines National College of Public Administration and Governance. Puno, former chairman of ConCom tasked to revise the 1987 Constitution, said no less than Dr. Jose Rizal brought up the idea during his time. Latest Updates Monday, 30 November 2020 MGB Commemorates 122nd Foundation Anniversary . Puno is certain that the support of the President and economic managers for federalism is “very clear.” He made the remark amid statements by Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez 3rd and Socioeconomic Planning Secretary Ernesto Pernia that federalism would wreak havoc to the economy. Is the Philippine ready for a federal form of government? THE Barangay Ginebra Gin Kings captured the coveted All-Filipino championship for the first time in 13 years on Wednesday... BEIJING, Dec. 8: China will ensure the continuity, stability, and sustainability of its macro policies and try to keep the economy running within a... BEIJING/KATHMANDU, Dec. 8: The new height of Mount Qomolangma, the world’s highest peak, is 8,848.86 meters, according to a joint announcement by China and... China tops the list of countries with the most artificial intelligence unicorn companies in the world, the 21st Century Business Herald reported on Tuesday. For instance, in designing the proposed federal states, we can take off from the administrative regions and the regional development councils. It is realistic because the process is built upon existing policies that have been tried and tested already such as in the case of Galing Pook awardees. - Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr., former Senate President, "Father of the Local Government Code". GMA promotes healthy debate … It is thus considered as a part of the public sector reform for nation building. They might have a specific plan.”, Get the latest news from your inbox for free. That is what decentralization is all about, and this is what federalism may be all about. Those who will be detailed to the administrative tribunal must be specialists in administrative cases. Philippine politico-administrative history has shown that the decentralization of powers to sub-national governments has been a continuing demand of local governments as part of the clamor for autonomy. N2 - These papers examine current Australian federalism from the perspectives of an academic and a … The 22-member ConCom was headed by retired Justice Reynato Puno with the following as members: former Senator Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., retired Justices Antonio Eduardo Nachura and Bienvenido Reyes, Dean Julio Teehankee, Arthur Aguilar, Prof. Eddie Alih, Fr. View full-text Article Hundreds of supporters show their solidarity in pushing for federalism government during rally held at Quezon City Memorial Circle. “That’s already in the hands of Congress because Congress is the one empowered by the Constitution to eventually make the official proposal.”. It is time for our regions to be liberated, time to be freed from the shackles of the national government. This may sound naïve but that is what fundamental politico-administrative reforms should be. Consequently, Rizal’s federal dream went no further than a fetus even if it was endorsed by other visionary leaders like [Emilio] Aguinaldo.”, Puno told fellow committee members he would like to believe that “after more than a century of incubation, the time of the federal idea has now come to the Philippines. It will be recalled that meaningful devolution process was started in 1991, and after 28 years it could be said that the country has not yet attained full devolution. Former Chief Justice Reynato Puno speaks on the Draft Constitution for Federalism at the Management Association of the Philippines (MAP) general meeting held in Manila Peninsula, Makati City on Aug. 28. PHOTO BY ANDREA DE LA CRUZ. For instance, a landlocked municipality in the mountainous Cordillera regions has different needs from an island fishing municipality in the Visayas. An Overview on Federalism Through the PH Debate Context The problem with concepts in political science like federalism is it’s taken for granted. We know the loads of Congress.”, He also cited the need for Congress to deliberate on the national budget as well as other pending priority bills, not to mention the upcoming 2019 elections. Finding Federalism in the Philippines Steven Rood Philippine Country Representative, The Asia Foundation Philippine Update Conference 2-3 September, 2016 Australian National University. Federalism – as in all fundamental reforms - should be as inclusive as possible. With... 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