PICO Question Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Introduction According to Hill (2013), elderly people living in the nursing homes suffer less levels of depression than those living in their individual residences. ORAL HEALTH EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE PROGRAM, The University of Texas Health Science Center. In addition to rating each literature citation as to its level of evidence, each citation was given a general classification, coded as "Risks," "Assessment," "Prevention," "Management," "Evaluation/Follow-up," or "Comprehensive." This question will be examined further throughout this paper. According to Nieswiadomy (2012), the acronym PICOT is used to help format these types of clinical questions. Identify and reinforce strengths and capabilities. Developing Your Search Question using PICO/PIO/PEO For Evidence Based Practice (EBP) searches, you will often be expected to break down your question into its key concepts using an EBP formula such as PICO, PIO or PEO. Does daily patient flossing reduce the incidence of periodontal bone loss in healthy adults compared to daily patient brushing only? A problem with questions that arise in clinical practice is that sometimes these questions occur to us in unfocused fashion. The PICO process starts with a case scenario from which a question is constructed that is relevant to the case and is phrased in such a way as to facilitate finding an answer. PICO is a format for developing a good clinical research question prior to starting one’s research. It stands for: P--Patient/Problem I--Intervention C--Comparison O--Outcome. Moreover, the views and opinions of developers or authors of guidelines represented on this site do not necessarily state or reflect those of NGC, AHRQ, or its contractor ECRI Institute, and inclusion or hosting of guidelines in NGC may not be used for advertising or commercial endorsement purposes. Ensure mental health community link up; consider psychiatric, nursing home care intervention. Using the PICO format can help you design an answerable clinical foreground question. It is not normally asked because of You can never know how well a treatment or diagnostic test (your Intervention, described above) works unless it has been systematically compared to another treatment or diagnostic test. I would also add that you want to rephrase it so it isn't a yes/no answer. External Peer Review Internal Peer Review. P. opulation: hospitalized geriatric patients . Thank you for being a user of Guideline Central! 2002 Sep;59(9):794-800. Your question should include all four of the above (Patient/Problem, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) stated in one sentence. In the PICO process, prior to starting one’s research, drafting a good clinical research question is mandatory. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR. Please visit our privacy policy page for more information. I need help with PICOT. 2005 Dec;28(4):785-803, vii. You become uncertain, during a patient encounter, about the desirability of a particular diagnostic or therapeutic choice. 943 p. Arean PA, Cook BL. Even if you have an information specialist, such as medical librarian, help you with your search, you will get better results if you first state your question in a FOCUSED QUESTION format. This is the current release of the guideline. PubMed Pinquart M, Sorensen S. Associations of caregiver stressors and uplifts with subjective well-being and depressive mood: a meta-analytic comparison. Add a note. Pharmacotherapy of depressive disorders in older patients. [64 references] PubMed Friberg TR, Bremer RW, Dickinsen M. Diminished perception of light as a symptom of depression: further studies. & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2010). Available from the, Use of a standardized assessment tool (e.g., Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form [GDS-SF]), Assessment for contributing systemic and metabolic processes, Assessment of cognitive function/dysfunction, Individualized plan of care for all levels of depression, Monitoring nutrition, elimination, rest/sleep, Maximizing autonomy/personal control/self efficacy, Referrals and treatment options for severe and less severe depression, Prevalence of depression among older adults, Current alcohol/substance use disorder (Hasin & Grant, 2002, Specific comorbid conditions: dementia, stroke, cancer, arthritis, hip fracture, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Parkinson's disease (Alexopoulos, Schulz, & Lebowitz, 2005, Functional disability (especially new functional loss) (Cole, 2005, Widows/widowers ("NIH consensus conference," 1992, Social isolation/absence of social support (Kraaij, Arensman, & Spinhoven, 2002, Diminished perception of light in one's environment (Friberg, Bremer, & Dickensen, 2008, Assess all at-risk groups using a standardized depression screening tool and documentation score. Question: Should reality orientation vs. no reality orientation be used for people with dementia? Alexopoulos GS, Katz IR, Reynolds CF 3rd, Carpenter D, Docherty JP, Expert Consensus Panel for Pharmacotherapy of Depressive Disorders in Older. Many people find that it helps them clarify their question, which in turn makes it easier to find an answer. How to Try This video. PICO is a useful tool for asking focused clinical questions.. Slightly different versions of this concept are used to search for quantitative and qualitative reviews, examples are given below. PICO helps to form a question and facilitate quick and wider literature search.PICO framework helps to identify the main elements of a question and simplify writing a question statement. In addition, the PsycINFO database was used to ensure capture of relevant evidence in the psychology and behavioral sciences literature for many of the topics. It bears noting that the database architecture can be exploited to limit the search to articles tagged with the publication type "meta-analysis" in Medline or "systematic review" in CINAHL. was created to critically appraise clinical practice guidelines, the process and criteria can also be applied to the development and evaluation of clinical practice protocols. Even the most experienced clinicians regularly raise such questions and uncover knowledge gaps. Template(for(Asking(PICOT(Questions(INTERVENTION Treatment options may include medication or cognitive-behavioral, interpersonal, or brief psychodynamic psychotherapy/counseling (individual, group, family); hospitalization; or electroconvulsive therapy (Areán & Cook, 2002, For less severe depression (GDS score 6 or greater, less than five depressive symptoms plus other positive responses on individualized assessment), refer to mental health services for psychotherapy/counseling (see above types), especially for specific issues identified in individualized assessment and to determine whether medication therapy may be warranted. If suicidal thoughts, psychosis, or comorbid substance abuse are present, a referral for a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation should always be made (Areán & Cook, 2002. 2005 Aug 15;58(4):283-9. When it is caught and treated, pharmacologic therapy is often used, further contributing to polypharmacy in older adults. A well-focused question has four elements. Example Nursing Picot Questions. Discuss essential characteristics needed to pose a research question 4. Filtering by standard age groups such as "65 and over" is another standard categorical limit for narrowing for relevance. *By signing up I agree to the privacy terms listed here, Depression in older adults In: Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice, References Supporting the Recommendations, Type of Evidence Supporting the Recommendations, Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence, Description of Methods Used to Collect/Select the Evidence, Methods Used to Assess the Quality and Strength of the Evidence, Rating Scheme for the Strength of the Evidence, Description of the Methods Used to Analyze the Evidence, Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations, Description of Methods Used to Formulate the Recommendations, Description of Method of Guideline Validation, Composition of Group That Authored the Guideline, Financial Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest, *By signing up I agree to the privacy terms listed, Benefits/harms Of Implementing The Guideline Recommendations, Rating Scheme For The Strength Of The Recommendations, Institute Of Medicine (iom) National Healthcare Quality Report Categories. PICO(T) Communicative Studies & Sciences Clinical Question: For patient with stroke, is early rehabilitation impairment-based therapy intervention effective compared to usual care (UC) therapy? At any time, you may opt out of tracking or request account deletion. Aging Ment Health. Detecting suicidal ideation in older patients: identifying risk factors within the general practice setting. PubMed Butters MA, Sweet RA, Mulsant BH, Ilyas Kamboh M, Pollock BG, Begley AE, Reynolds CF 3rd, DeKosky ST. APOE is associated with age-of-onset, but not cognitive functioning, in late-life depression. Searching of other specialty databases may have to be warranted depending on the clinical question. You use it to generate an answerable question that will help you pick out keywords and synonyms, and so have something that is searchable. Finding answers to questions like these can be frustrating and unnecessarily time-consuming. This guideline updates a previous version: Kurlowicz L, Harvath TA. PICO is a mnemonic used to help you clarify your clinical question.It acts as a framework, asking you to think specifically about different aspects of what you want to investigate. (1998). In: Capezuti E, Zwicker D, Mezey M, Fulmer T, editor(s). PubMed Cole MG, Dendukuri N. Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Short-Term goals ) situation you have encountered especially medication ) to prevent ;... And other therapies ; readminister depression screening tool process almost always begins with a clinical... You have encountered risk ; Healthy young adult with recent third molar extraction to patient... Questions regarding guideline Content are directed to contact the guideline developer on August 15, 2005, following the Food! As a research question of tracking or request account deletion important to you and to your patient best.! ):293-303 activities ( conduct a pleasant activity inventory ), music, )... 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