Paul, B. Even with Retrieved 10 November 2014. 6,000[12]–8,000 [29][30][31] According to the Economist, 3000 or more people were killed in the public uprising in Burma in 1988. Before Burma gained its independence, the Communist group was one of the divisions which fought for independence. [50] Additionally, it is not only natural resource case, but also identity issue, therefore, it is harder to compromise between two parties. Internal Displacement in Burma. ABSDF (since 1988) 20 November 2009. Ekeh, C., & Smith, M. (2007). [71], During the Burmese military presence in Shan state, the local Shan people were mis-treated, tortured, arrested, robbed, killed and raped by the Burmese military. Phan, Zoya and Damien Lewis. Both fair distribution of power share and wealth have been the main ambition for minorities of Burma. Under military rule over Burma, the United Nations General Assembly has called on Burmese military government to respect human rights for more than dozen times . Min Aung Hlaing(Commander-in-Chief) KIO (since 1961), Karenni Army (since 1949) DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary. However, all were refused by successive Burmese government. Ethnic Nationalities of Burma. Yang Mao-liang Anti-government factions: KNU (since 1949), Mujahideen[1] Communist Party (1948–1988), MNDAA (since 1989) NDAA (since 1989) SSA (since 1988), SSNA (1995–2005) WNA (1975–1988) UWSP (since 1988), PNO (1949–1991) MTA (1985-1996) God's Army (1997–2006) ABSDF (Since 1980s-) SSVF (1967–1980)Supported by: ROC (1948–1980s) Thailand [2]United States[3], Sao Shwe Thaik (1948-1952) U Nu (1948–1962) Ba U (1952–1957) Win Maung (1957–1962) Ne Win (1962–1981) San Yu (1981–1988) Saw Maung (1988–1992) Than Shwe (1992–2011), Thein Pe Myint (1948–52) Thakin Than Tun (1952–68) Bo Mya (1976-2000) Pado Phan (2000-2008) Naw Zipporah Sein (since 2008)Bo Nat Khann Mway (DKBA, since 2010) Yang Mao-liang Wei Hsueh-kang Khun Sa (1985–1996)Johnny and Luther Htoo (God's Army) Li Mi (1949-1953), 43,000 (1951)[4] 60,000 - 70,000 (1980s)[5] 170,000 - 180,000 (1988)[6] 200,000 (1989)[6] 289,000 (1995)[7] 350,000 - 450,000 (2002)[8], 4,000+ (1951)[4] 6,000-7,000 (2012)[10] 1,500-2,000 (1998)[11] 6,000-7,000 (2012)[10] 30,000 (2012) 8,000 (2012)[12]Karenni Army 800-1,500 (2012)[10] Chin National Front 200-300 (2012)[10]Arakan Army 400-500 (2012)[13] Arakan Liberation Army apx. Recent Developments on Thai-Burma Border. Then, he confiscated private economy and formed Burmese Socialist Programmed Party (BSPP)in 1974. This equality between the belligerents also crucially distinguishes an armed conflict, to which international humanitarian law applies, from a crime, to which only criminal law and the rules of human rights law on law enforcement apply. The ethnic populations were the most suffered from a result of long-standing hostilities with the central government. The New York Times. International Institute for Strategic Studies; Hackett, James (ed.) Linter, B. "Burmese exiles in desperate conditions". AP, 4 May 2012, Myanmar state media report battles between government troops, Kachin rebels killed 31, Burma center for Ethnic Studies, Jan. 2012, "Briefing Paper No. ROC withdrawal from Burma; Internal conflict in Myanmar [61] According to UNICEF, the living condition of Rohinga refugees camps in Rakhine state are wholly inadequate access to basic services [62] In the past, the persecution of Burmese Indians and other ethnic groups after the military coup headed by General Ne Win in 1962 led to the expulsion or emigration of 300,000 people. Kaspar, A. Minorities in Burma. [71], The Shan started to fight back after the Burmese sent thousands of troops into Shan State because of an invasion by Chinese Nationalist the KMT in 1950. Then, by the time of three successive parliamentary government ruled in Burma in, there was military coup d'état and general Ne Win became the country's leader, followed by widespread human rights violations in frontier areas. 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